Sunday, December 20, 2015

New Testament Local Church Polity: Elder or Congregational? Part Two

This issue is important as to how God's church governs itself.  What does the New Testament tell us about how decisions are made within the local church?  Part One of this short series discussed the NT data commonly used to teach congregational polity.  This article will take up the other side of the coin focusing on the NT data used to show a plurality of elders in the local church.

By way of reminder, we need to remind ourselves what verses are appropriate to consider in this conversation.  But how do we determine what is appropriate?  Two key ideas govern this process.  First, some verses are what is called "descriptive."  These types of verses "describe" what was actually happening in first century churches and surrounding culture.  Second, there are verses called "prescriptive."  These verses actually tell us or give to us commands concerning how the church or believers are to function today. 

So what verses are interpreted as teaching a plurality of elders within each local church?  The primary source of evidence (at least from a descriptive view) comes from the book of Acts.  The primary verses come from chapters 14, 15, and 20.  Consider the following:

Acts 14:23 "and when they had ordained them elders in every church"

Acts 15:4 "they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders"

Acts 20:17 "and called the elders of the church"

The primary important concept in these verses is that that term for "elders" occurs in the plural and the term for "church" appears in the singular.  At face value, this is interpreted to mean there are multiple elders each local church.  Evidence for this also appears after the book of Acts within epistles written to both local churches and to individuals.  These are as follows:

1 Timothy 5:17 "Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine."

Tit 1:5 "that thou shouldest set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as I had appointed thee"

Jam 5:14 "the elders of the church"

1 Pet 5:1 "the elders among you"

Each of these verses is interpreted in similar fashion as teaching that there are multiple elders in each local church.  Question: then why do some churches only have one pastor?  Is it because the church is too small?  Is it because no one else is qualified within the local church?  Or is it possible that these and other verses can be interpreted as teaching each local church only needs one elder in each local church?

I invite you to search this out.  I will address this issue in a third and final article in this series.  Just some thoughts to consider before the third article:

1. What is ordination?  Associated to this should we ordain every elder in the local church?
2. What is a senior, associate, or youth pastor?  Why these adjectives and what NT precedence if any?
3. What verses teach we should pay elders, and how to decide which ones to pay or not?
4. What is a lay elder, teaching elder, or ruling elder?

5. What are bishops, overseers, pastors, or elders?  How to identify titles and roles?

These are some rough thoughts with (has been pointed out already) may include some grammatical issues.  Sorry for those.

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